Article
Dow S (1996) Horizontalism: A critique. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 20 (4), pp. 497-508. http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/4/497.short
Article
Regulation and differences in financial institutions
Chick V & Dow S (1996) Regulation and differences in financial institutions. Journal of Economic Issues, 30 (2), pp. 517-523. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4452250
Article
Why the banking system should be regulated
Dow S (1996) Why the banking system should be regulated. Economic Journal, 106 (436), pp. 698-707. https://doi.org/10.2307/2235578
Article
Hart RA & Malley JR (1996) Excess labour and the business cycle: a comparative study of Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. Economica, 63 (250), pp. 325-342. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2554766
Article
Wages, profits, and rent-sharing
Blanchflower D, Oswald AJ & Sanfey P (1996) Wages, profits, and rent-sharing. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111 (1), pp. 227-251. https://doi.org/10.2307/2946663
Article
The appeal of neoclassical economics: some insights from Keynes's epistemology
Dow S (1995) The appeal of neoclassical economics: some insights from Keynes's epistemology. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19 (6), pp. 715-733. http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/19/6/715.abstract
Edited Book
Keynes, Knowledge and Uncertainty
Dow S & Hillard J (eds.) (1995) Keynes, Knowledge and Uncertainty. Post-Keynesian Economics Study Group, 2. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.
Book Chapter
Endogenous Money Creation and Idle Balances
Dow A & Dow S (1995) Endogenous Money Creation and Idle Balances. In: Musella M & Panico C (eds.) The Money Supply In The Economic Process: A Post Keynesian Perspective. The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics series. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 473-490. http://www.e-elgar.com/Bookentry_contents.lasso?id=574
Book Chapter
Liquidity Preference in International Finance: The Case of Developing Countries
Dow S (1995) Liquidity Preference in International Finance: The Case of Developing Countries. In: Wells P (ed.) Post-Keynesian Economic Theory. Recent Economic Thought Series, 45. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 1-15. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-2331-4_1#
Book Chapter
Wettewerb und die Zukunft des europäischen Banken- und Finanzsystems
Dow S & Chick V (1995) Wettewerb und die Zukunft des europäischen Banken- und Finanzsystems. In: Thomasberg C (ed.) Europäische Geldpolitik zwischen Marktzwängen und neuen institutionellen Regelungen: Zur politischen Ökonomie der europäischen Währungsintegration. Metropolis-Verlag. http://www.metropolis-verlag.de/Europaeische-Geldpolitik-zwischen-Marktzwaengen-und-neuen-institutionellen-Regelungen/012/book.do
Book Chapter
Dow S (1995) Uncertainty about Uncertainty. In: Dow S & Hillard J (eds.) Keynes, Knowledge and Uncertainty. Post-Keynesian Economics Study Group, 2. Aldershot: Edward Elgar, pp. 117-136.
Book Chapter
A Model of Optimum Local Authority Size
King DN (1995) A Model of Optimum Local Authority Size. In: Pola G, France G & Levaggi R (eds.) Developments in Local Authority Government Finance. First ed. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 55-76.
Authored Book
Parkin M & King DN (1995) Economics. Second revised ed. Wokingham, UK: Addison Wesley.
Working Paper
Public Policies in a Multi-Level Government Model
King D (1995) Public Policies in a Multi-Level Government Model. Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Madrid, Papeles de Trabajo, 1995-3. Instituto de Estudios Fiscales, Madrid.
Research Report
Fiscal Assignments for Oblasts and Rayons in the Republic of Kazakhstan
King D (1995) Fiscal Assignments for Oblasts and Rayons in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The World Bank. Washington DC.
Newspaper Article
King DN (1995) Cutting Income Tax. Updates in Economics. 1995.
Authored Book
King DN & Parkin M (1995) Microeconomics. Wokingham: Addison-Wesley.
Article
Economic Policy Options for a Scottish Parliament
Bell D & Dow S (1995) Economic Policy Options for a Scottish Parliament. Scottish Affairs, (13), pp. 42-67.
Article
The Japanese Bonus System and Human Capital
Hart RA & Kawasaki S (1995) The Japanese Bonus System and Human Capital. Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 9 (3), pp. 225-244. https://doi.org/10.1006/jjie.1995.1012
Article
An Introduction to the Wage Curve
Blanchflower D & Oswald AJ (1995) An Introduction to the Wage Curve. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9 (3), pp. 153-167. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.9.3.153; https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.9.3.153
Article
Tax structure and the choice of compensation system
Hart RA & Moutos T (1994) Tax structure and the choice of compensation system. European Journal of Political Economy, 10 (4), pp. 765-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680%2894%2990037-X
Book Chapter
The Religious Content of Economics
Dow S (1994) The Religious Content of Economics. In: Brennan H & Waterman A (eds.) Economics and Religion: Are they distinct?. Recent Economic Thought, 39. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 193-204. http://www.springer.com/economics/history+ec.+thoughts/book/978-0-7923-9443-3
Book Chapter
Dow S (1994) Uncertainty. In: Arestis P & Sawyer M (eds.) The Elgar Companion to Radical Political Economy. Elgar Original Reference. Aldershot: Edward Elgar, pp. 434-437. http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/bookentry_main.lasso?id=19
Book Chapter
Dow S (1994) Monetary Theory. In: Hodgson G, Samuels W & Tool M (eds.) The Elgar Companion to Institutional and Evolutionary Economics. Elgar Original Reference. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/bookentry_main.lasso?id=228
Edited Book
Fiscal Federalism in Economies in Transition
(1994) Fiscal Federalism in Economies in Transition. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Edited Book
Fiscal Federalism in Economies in Transition
King D & Owens J (eds.) (1994) Fiscal Federalism in Economies in Transition. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Research Report
Technical Assistance Mission on Property Tax Administration: Reconnaissance
Almy R, King D & Magor D (1994) Technical Assistance Mission on Property Tax Administration: Reconnaissance. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Research Report
Local Financing Law in Portugal: A Comment
King D (1994) Local Financing Law in Portugal: A Comment. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Research Report
Portugal: Local Finance Law Reform
King D, Scrafton J & Verbrugge H (1994) Portugal: Local Finance Law Reform. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Research Report
Fiscal Federalism in the CSFR, USSR and Yugoslavia
King D (1994) Fiscal Federalism in the CSFR, USSR and Yugoslavia. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Research Report
The Choice of Own Taxes, Shared Taxes and Grants to Finance Republic Level Governments
King D (1994) The Choice of Own Taxes, Shared Taxes and Grants to Finance Republic Level Governments. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Working Paper
A Model of Optimum Local Authority Size
King D (1994) A Model of Optimum Local Authority Size. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 1994-1. University of Stirling Economics Discussion Paper.
Article
Economic independence and political independence
King D (1994) Economic independence and political independence. Hume Studies, 2 (2), pp. 30-49.
Commentary
Optimal implicit contracts and the choice between layoffs and work sharing: A comment
FitzRoy FR & Hart RA (1994) Optimal implicit contracts and the choice between layoffs and work sharing: A comment. Commentary on: Jehle, G.A. and M.O. Lieberman, 1992, Optimal implicit contracts and the choice between layoffs and work sharing, European Journal of Political Economy 8, 251-267. European Journal of Political Economy, 10 (3), pp. 613-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680%2894%2990014-0
Article
Estimating a wage curve for Britain 1973-90
Blanchflower D & Oswald AJ (1994) Estimating a wage curve for Britain 1973-90. Economic Journal, 104 (426), pp. 1025-1043. https://doi.org/10.2307/2235062
Article
Sargent JD & Blanchflower D (1994) Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood: Analysis of a British birth cohort. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 148 (7), pp. 681-687. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=yv4JPVwI&eid=2-s2.0-0028244140&md5=202de490f9272828a171717f7845700e; https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170070019003
Article
A longitudinal analysis of the young self-employed in Australia and the United States
Blanchflower D & Meyer BD (1994) A longitudinal analysis of the young self-employed in Australia and the United States. Small Business Economics, 6 (1), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066108
Book Chapter
European Monetary Integration and the Distribution of Credit Availability
Dow S (1993) European Monetary Integration and the Distribution of Credit Availability. In: Corbridge S, Martin R & Thrift N (eds.) Money, Power and Space. Chichester: Blackwell.
Authored Book
Money and the Economic Process
Dow S (1993) Money and the Economic Process. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/bookentry_main.lasso?id=147
Article
King D (1993) In search of Adam. Architectural Heritage, 4, pp. 93-100.
Research Report
Fiscal Federalism in Economies in Transition
King D (1993) Fiscal Federalism in Economies in Transition. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Research Report
Czech Republic: Property Tax Reconnaissance
Almy R & King D (1993) Czech Republic: Property Tax Reconnaissance. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Research Report
Republic of Bulgaria: Property Tax Reconnaissance
Almy R & King D (1993) Republic of Bulgaria: Property Tax Reconnaissance. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Book Chapter
Local Taxation - Lessons from Britain
King DN (1993) Local Taxation - Lessons from Britain. In: Sandford C (ed.) Key Issues in Tax Reform. Bath: Fiscal Publications, pp. 108-126.
Book Chapter
Local Taxation: Some Lessons from Europe
King DN (1993) Local Taxation: Some Lessons from Europe. In: Murphy K & Mulreany M (eds.) Taxation: Ireland and the New Europe. Dublin: Eire: Institute of Public Administration, pp. 101-128.
Conference Proceeding
Australian Reform Options: A European View
King DN (1993) Australian Reform Options: A European View. In: Collins D (ed.) Vertical fiscal imbalance and the allocation of taxing powers: papers from a conference organised by the Australian Tax Research Foundation. Conference series (Australian Tax Research Foundation), 13. Vertical fiscal imbalance and the allocation of taxing powers, 04.11.1993-05.11.1993. Sydney: Australian Tax Foundation, pp. 265-299.
Article
Testing for a U-Shaped Wage Curve. A Response
Blanchflower D & Oswald AJ (1993) Testing for a U-Shaped Wage Curve. A Response. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 95 (2), pp. 245-248. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3440410
Article
The Cost of Overtime Hours in British Production Industries
Hart RA & Ruffell R (1993) The Cost of Overtime Hours in British Production Industries. Economica, 60 (238), pp. 183-201. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2554588; https://doi.org/10.2307/2554588
Authored Book
Parkin M & King DN (1992) Economics. Wokingham, UK: Addison Wesley.
Book Chapter
Dow S (1992) Postmodernism and Economics. In: Graham E, Doherty J & Malek M (eds.) Postmodernism and the Social Sciences. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Article
The Regional Financial Sector: A Scottish Case Study
Dow S (1992) The Regional Financial Sector: A Scottish Case Study. Regional Studies, 26 (7), pp. 619-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343409212331347261
Edited Book
Money, Method and Keynes: Selected Essays by Victoria Chick
Arestis P & Dow S (eds.) (1992) Money, Method and Keynes: Selected Essays by Victoria Chick. Macmillan.
Book Chapter
Current Issues in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism
King DN (1992) Current Issues in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism. In: King D (ed.) Local Government Economics in Theory and Practice. London: Taylor & Francis, pp. 23-42.
Book Chapter
King DN (1992) Airthrey. In: McKean C (ed.) The Architecture of Robert Adam: Life, Death and Survival. Edinburgh: The Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, pp. 14-16.
Book Chapter
King DN (1992) Myths. In: McKean C (ed.) The Architecture of Robert Adam: Life, Death and Survival. Edinburgh: The Royal Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, pp. 44-46.
Book Chapter
Conversando com Aníbal Cavaco Silva
King DN (1992) Conversando com Aníbal Cavaco Silva. In: Silva A & das Neves J (eds.) Finanças Públicas e Política Macroeconómica. Lisbon: Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Faculdade de Economia), pp. 293-299.
Book Chapter
Issues in Multi-Level Government
King D (1992) Issues in Multi-Level Government. In: Jackson P (ed.) Current Issues in Public Sector Economics. London: Palgrae MacMillan, pp. 156-182.
Edited Book
Local Government Economics in Theory and Practice
King D (ed.) (1992) Local Government Economics in Theory and Practice. London: Taylor & Francis.
Newspaper Article
Problems with Local Government Taxation
King DN (1992) Problems with Local Government Taxation. Updates in Economics. 1992.
Research Report
King D (1992) In Search of Adam. National Trust for Scotland. Ayrshire.
Article
Free Banking in Scotland, 1695-1845
Dow S & Smithin J (1992) Free Banking in Scotland, 1695-1845. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 39 (4), pp. 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1992.tb00628.x
Book Review
Money, Finance and the Role of the State
Dow S (1992) Money, Finance and the Role of the State. Review of: The State and the Monetary System, by Kevin Dowd, Oxford: Philip Allan, 1989, 213 pp. ISBN 0-86003-088-1. Free Banking and Monetary Reform, by David Glasner, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, 276 pp. ISBN 0-521-36175-3 The Regulation of Financial Markets in the 1990s, Aldershot: Elgar, 114 pp. ISBN 1-85278-177-7. Journal of Economic Surveys, 6 (2), pp. 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.1992.tb00150.x
Article
Unionism in the United States and other advanced OECD countries
Blanchflower D & Freeman R (1992) Unionism in the United States and other advanced OECD countries. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 31 (1), pp. 56-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1992.tb00298.x
Article
The Economic Effects of Profit Sharing in Great Britain
Blanchflower D (1991) The Economic Effects of Profit Sharing in Great Britain. International Journal of Manpower, 12 (1), pp. 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729110135501
Research Report
The Labour Costs Survey: A Critical Appraisal and Suggested Future Strategies
Hart RA (1991) The Labour Costs Survey: A Critical Appraisal and Suggested Future Strategies. Eurostat. Eurostat, Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities.
Research Report
Relocation of Enterprises to Central Region: An Evaluation
Hart RA & Bell D (1991) Relocation of Enterprises to Central Region: An Evaluation. Central Region. Central Region Location Study.
Authored Book
Macroeconomic Thought: A Methodological Approach - Japanese translation
Dow S (1991) Macroeconomic Thought: A Methodological Approach - Japanese translation. Tokyo: Nihon Keizai Hyeronsh.
Book Chapter
Idle Balances in Keynesian Theory
Dow A & Dow S (1991) Idle Balances in Keynesian Theory. In: Blaug M (ed.) John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), Section IV. Pioneers in Economics, 48:2. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. http://www.e-elgar.com/bookentry_main.lasso?id=676
Book Chapter
The Scottish Political Economy Tradition
Dow S (1991) The Scottish Political Economy Tradition. In: Blaug M (ed.) William Whewell (1794-1866), Dionysius Lardner (1793-1859), William Lloyd (1795-1852) and Charles Babbage (1792-1871). Pioneers in Economics Section II, 19. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Book Chapter
The Scottish Political Economy Tradition as a Mode of Thought
Dow S (1991) The Scottish Political Economy Tradition as a Mode of Thought. In: Economic History and Economic Theory: Festschrift in Honour of L Humanidis. Piraeus, Greece: University of Piraeus, pp. 94-107.
Book Chapter
Dow S (1991) The Post-Keynesian School. In: Mair D & Miller A (eds.) A Modern Guide to Economic Thought: An Introduction to Comparative Schools of Thought in Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 176-206.
Book Chapter
Keynes's Epistemology and Economic Methodology
Dow S (1991) Keynes's Epistemology and Economic Methodology. In: O'Donnell R (ed.) Keynes as Philosopher-Economist: 9th Keynes Seminar: Papers. Keynes Seminar. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 144-167.
Authored Book
The Complete Works of Robert and James Adam
King DN (1991) The Complete Works of Robert and James Adam. First ed. Oxford, UK: Butterworth Architecture.
Authored Book
Equilibrium and evolution: an exploration of connecting principles in economics
Loasby B (1991) Equilibrium and evolution: an exploration of connecting principles in economics. First ed. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
Newspaper Article
Talking with Abel Aganbegyan - Architect of Perestroika
King DN (1991) Talking with Abel Aganbegyan - Architect of Perestroika. Economic Times. 1991.
Article
El Sistema de Transferencias Intergubernamentales en Inglaterra: Las Subvenciones Compensatorias
King D (1991) El Sistema de Transferencias Intergubernamentales en Inglaterra: Las Subvenciones Compensatorias. Revista Espanola de Derecho Internacional, 18 (2), pp. 25-37.
Book Chapter
Local Government Taxation: The Logic of a Local Income Tax
King DN (1991) Local Government Taxation: The Logic of a Local Income Tax. In: Vibert F (ed.) Britain’s Constitutional Future. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, pp. 101-14.
Book Chapter
Grants as a Source of Local Government Finance
King DN (1991) Grants as a Source of Local Government Finance. In: Owens J & Padella G (eds.) Local Government: An International Perspective. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 173-188.
Article
Unionism and Employment Behaviour
Blanchflower D, Millward N & Oswald AJ (1991) Unionism and Employment Behaviour. Economic Journal, 101 (407), pp. 815-834. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2233857
Article
Efficient bargains in the context of recent labour market experience and policy
Hart RA & Moutos T (1991) Efficient bargains in the context of recent labour market experience and policy. European Journal of Political Economy, 7 (2), pp. 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680%2891%2990004-M
Article
Are There Any Signs of Postmodernism with Economics?
Dow S (1991) Are There Any Signs of Postmodernism with Economics?. Methodus, 3 (1), pp. 81-85. http://www.helsinki.fi/jarj/inem/methodus/v3n1.html
Article
Are Profit Shares and Wages Substitute or Complementary Forms of Compensation?
Hart RA & Hubler O (1991) Are Profit Shares and Wages Substitute or Complementary Forms of Compensation?. Kyklos, 44 (2), pp. 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1991.tb02098.x
Article
Fear, Unemployment and Pay Flexibility
Blanchflower D (1991) Fear, Unemployment and Pay Flexibility. Economic Journal, 101 (406), pp. 483-496. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2233554
Book Review
On Keynes's Method, Anna Carabelli and Keynes: Philosophy, Economics and Politics, R M O'Donnell
Dow S (1991) On Keynes's Method, Anna Carabelli and Keynes: Philosophy, Economics and Politics, R M O'Donnell. Review of: On Keynes's Method, Anna Carabelli. London: Macmillan 1988, xi+369 pages, ISBN:978-0-333-45663-7 and Keynes: Philosophy, Economics and Politics, R M O'Donnell. London: Macmillan, 1989, xi+417 pages. ISBN: 978-0-333-36286-0. Economics and Philosophy, 7 (2), pp. 128-135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266267100001024
Article
Post Keynesianism as Political Economy: A Methodological Discussion
Dow S (1990) Post Keynesianism as Political Economy: A Methodological Discussion. Review of Political Economy, 2 (3), pp. 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259000000033
Book Chapter
The Scottish Political Economy Tradition
Dow S (1990) The Scottish Political Economy Tradition. In: Mair D (ed.) The Scottish Contribution to Modern Economic Thought. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, pp. 19-32.
Book Chapter
Hermeneutics, Subjectivity and the Lester/Machlup Debate: A Comment
Dow S (1990) Hermeneutics, Subjectivity and the Lester/Machlup Debate: A Comment. In: Samuels W (ed.) Economics as Discourse: An Analysis of the Language of Economists. Recent Economic Thought, 21. The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 185-187. http://www.springer.com/economics/history+ec.+thoughts/book/978-0-7923-9046-6
Authored Book
Financial Markets and Regional Economic Development: The Canadian Experience
Dow S (1990) Financial Markets and Regional Economic Development: The Canadian Experience. Aldershot: Avebury.
Article
Bargaining into the 1990s: Where Now?
Blanchflower D (1990) Bargaining into the 1990s: Where Now?. International Journal of Manpower, 11 (7), pp. 32-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437729010135494
Book Chapter
Wage Component Behaviour in Japanese Manufacturing Industries
FitzRoy FR & Hart RA (1990) Wage Component Behaviour in Japanese Manufacturing Industries. In: Konig H (ed.) Economics of wage determination. First (Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1990 edition) ed. Studies in Contemporary Economics. Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag, pp. 71-84. http://www.econbiz.de/en/search/detailed-view/doc/wage-component-behaviour-in-japanese-manufacturing-industries-fitzroy-felix/10001310385/?no_cache=1
Book Chapter
Hart RA (1990) Comments on Technical Change and the Demand for Skills in West German Manufacturing Industry, 1970-1984. In: Matzner E & Wagner M (eds.) The Employment Impact of New Technology. First ed. Aldershot, UK: Avebury (Gower Publishing Co. Ltd), pp. 96-98.
Research Report
Hart RA (1990) Working the Japanese Way. European Services Network. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels: European Services Network.
Article
Unemployment, Wages and Working Time in an International Perspective
Hart RA (1990) Unemployment, Wages and Working Time in an International Perspective. Economics, 26, pp. 56-61.
Article
Wage, labour mobility and working time effects of profit sharing
Hart RA & Hubler O (1990) Wage, labour mobility and working time effects of profit sharing. Empirica, 17 (2), pp. 115-130. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?partnerID=yv4JPVwI&eid=2-s2.0-0041194255&md5=10aad1ab56d9118a8d9d8187232212de; https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00925373
Article
Profit sharing and work sharing
Hart RA (1990) Profit sharing and work sharing. Economics Letters, 34 (1), pp. 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765%2890%2990173-X
Article
Blanchflower D & Oswald AJ (1990) The Wage Curve. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 92 (2), pp. 237-242. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3440026
Article
Dow S (1990) Beyond Dualism. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 14 (2), pp. 143-157. http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/14/2/143.full.pdf+html