Racial Identification in Sport - A new methodology through hetero identification

Citation

Silva D, Rocha C & Bastos F (2025) Racial Identification in Sport - A new methodology through hetero identification [Metodologia de Hetero-identificação Étnico-Racial no Esporte]. 16th Brazilian Conference of Sport Management, Recife, Brazil, 20.11.2025-22.11.2025.

Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to explore and describe the current state of knowledge on racism in sport as it relates to Black and minority ethnic coaches, and to offer directions for future empirical inquiry. Methods: Following the PRISMA protocol, the authors conducted a systematic search of academic and grey literature in sport, social sciences, and humanities databases. From the initial 216 studies reviewed, 40 met the inclusion criteria and made the final sample after quality analysis. Findings: Studies were published between 2001 and 2025. Most were conducted either in the USA or in the UK. American football is the sport in which coaching racism has been most extensively investigated. Representation and racialized barriers in sports coaching is the area/cluster in which the studies were mostly conducted. The barriers faced by Black and minority ethnic coaches in performing their duties, as well as racialized identities and diversity are the research trends. The lack of studies in different regions of world, in many sports and about the status of the Black women coaches, are important gaps in the literature. We provide multiple examples of future studies with potential to advance theory and practice of coaching racism.

Keywords
sport management, diversity, inclusion, football