Article

Republished paper: Meta-analysis of the effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on acute coronary events

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Citation

Mackay DF, Irfan MO, Haw S & Pell J (2011) Republished paper: Meta-analysis of the effect of comprehensive smoke-free legislation on acute coronary events. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 87 (1026), pp. 311-316. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2010.199026rep

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the evidence for a reduced risk of acute coronary events following comprehensive smoke-free legislation. METHODS Two independent systematic reviews were undertaken using PubMed, Embase and Science Direct with no date restrictions imposed. Meta-analysis was undertaken using a random effects model to obtain a pooled estimate of the relative risk. Linear regression was used to examine possible bias and meta-regression was used to investigate possible causes of heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Acute coronary events. RESULTS The 17 eligible studies (10 from North America, 6 from Europe and 1 from Australasia) provided 35 estimates of effect size. Apart from five subgroup analyses, all of the published results suggested a reduction in the incidence of acute coronary events following the introduction of smoke-free legislation. Meta-analysis produced a pooled estimate of the relative risk of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.94). There was significant heterogeneity (overall I(2)=95.1%, p<0.001) but there was no evidence of small study bias (p=0.714). On univariate random effects meta-regression analysis, studies with longer data collection following legislation produced greater estimates of risk reduction and remained significant after adjustment for other study characteristics (adjusted coefficient -0.005, 95% CI -0.007 to -0.002, multiplicity adjusted p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS There is now a large body of evidence supporting a reduction in acute coronary events following the implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation, with the effect increasing over time from implementation. Countries that have not yet adopted smoke-free legislation should be encouraged to do so.

Journal
Postgraduate Medical Journal: Volume 87, Issue 1026

StatusPublished
Publication date30/04/2011
URLhttp://hdl.handle.net/1893/16979
PublisherBMJ Publishing Group
ISSN0032-5473

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