Greenspace programs and recovery from substance use and mental health challenges: evaluating nature-based interventions through the lens of recovery capital

Citation

Torrance M, Masterton W, Falzon D, Carver H, Parkes T, Engstrom S, Duncan E, Dumbrell J, Park K, Lovell R & Gorely T (2026) Greenspace programs and recovery from substance use and mental health challenges: evaluating nature-based interventions through the lens of recovery capital. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2026.2664439

Abstract
Background: Greenspace programs are nature-based health initiatives. Recovery depends on individual, social and community resources, known as recovery capital. This paper explores how greenspace programs generate recovery capital to improve physical and mental health for those experiencing co-occurring problem substance use and mental health challenges. Methods: Interviews were conducted with participants with experience of greenspace programs (n = 33). Findings in the current paper focus on program attendees and program staff (n = 23). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to explore greenspace programs through the lens of recovery capital. Results: Programs increase individual recovery capital through improved capacity to deal with triggers, stressors, and cravings; improved capacity for positive daily routines and self-care practices; knowledge acquisition and physical capital. Social recovery capital is generated through social connections, trust, and relationships with staff and existing networks. Community recovery capital is accrued through engagement with community and cultural spaces. Connecting to nature through greenspace programs helped participants reflect on life meaning and purpose. Conclusions: Mapping greenspace program outcomes onto established recovery theory shows that programs can effectively support health and recovery amongst populations experiencing problem substance use and mental health challenges.

Keywords
Recovery capital; greenspace; nature-based interventions; substance use; mental health; qualitative; Scotland

Journal
Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

• Greenspace programs and recovery from substance use and mental health challenges: evaluating nature-based interventions through the lens of recovery capital