I first studied psychology at Durham University, where I completed a BSc in Psychology and an MSc in Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. Before starting my PhD, I worked as a research associate at Durham University, and then went on to complete a PhD in Psychology at the University of Kent. After working as a post-doctoral researcher, I joined Stirling in April 2016.
Grainger, C. and Williams, D.M. and Lind, S.E. (2014, April). Metacognition and mindreading (theory of mind) in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Oral presentation at the meeting of the Experimental Psychology Society, The University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Grainger, C. Williams, D.M. & Lind, S. E. (2013, May). Metacognition and mindreading in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder. Poster presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research, San Sebastian, Spain.
Grainger, C. Williams, D.M. & Lind, S. E. (2013, May). Metacognition in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Oral presentation at the North East Autism Research Group, Newcastle University, UK.
Grainger, C., & Williams, D. M. (2012, January). Computerised versus manual tests of executive functioning in children with autism. Oral presentation at the North East Autism Research Group, Newcastle University, UK
Grainger, C., Nicholson, T., Lind, S., Carruthers, P. and Williams, D. M. (May 2018). Can You Spot a Liar? Lie Detection and Mindreading Abilities in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Poster presentation at International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Grainger, C., Williams, D., & Lind, S. (2015). Understanding mental states in oneself and others in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In Data Blitz presentation, “It takes two to tango’: A translational approach to self–other dynamics, one day conference. Birmingham, UK.
Metacognitive monitoring and control processes in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). BPS Developmental and Social Sections Conference
Nicholson, T., Williams, D., Grainger, C., Christensen, J., Calvo-Merino, B., & Gaigg, S. (May 2018). Interoceptive Impairments Do Not Lie at the Heart of Autism or Alexithymia. Oral presentation at International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Self-Awareness in Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Scottish Autism- Research Seminar Series
Williams, D. M., Nicholson, T., Grainger, C., Lind, S., Carruthers, P. (May 2018). Implicit Versus Explicit Metacognition in ASD. Poster presentation at International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Williams, D. M., Nicholson, T., Grainger, C., Lind, S., Carruthers, P. (May 2018). The Self-Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits. Poster presentation at International Society for Autism Research (INSAR) Annual Meeting, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
My research interests focus on cognitive and developmental psychology. I am particularly interested in understanding the nature of autism spectrum conditions (ASC), and how we can support both daily living skills and mental health difficulties in autistic individuals. My research has also focused on exploring metacognition, and the relation between both processes, in both autism and typical development. I am also interested in studying alexithymia, interoception, episodic memory, prospective memory and lie detection abilities in typical and neurodiverse populations. I am always happy to talk about research ideas and to meet with potential students. Please feel free to email me or come by my office during my office hours. I also welcome students interested in applying for a PhD within an area of my research interests.
Remembering to remember: What techniques can be used to improve prospective memory in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
PI: Dr Catherine Grainger
Funded by: Academy of Medical Sciences
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Article
Dunstone J, Atkinson M, Grainger C, Renner E & Caldwell CA (2021) Limited evidence for executive function load impairing selective copying in a win-stay lose-shift task. PLOS ONE, 16 (3), Art. No.: e0247183. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247183
Article
Linking metacognition and mindreading: Evidence from autism and dual-task investigations
Nicholson T, Williams DM, Lind SE, Grainger C & Carruthers P (2021) Linking metacognition and mindreading: Evidence from autism and dual-task investigations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150 (2), pp. 206-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000878
Book Chapter
Craig K & Grainger C (2020) Metacognition in Autism. In: Volkmar FR (ed.) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102530-1
Article
Craig K, Hale D, Grainger C & Stewart M (2020) Evaluating Metacognitive Self-reports: Systematic Reviews of the value of self-report in metacognitive research. Metacognition and Learning, 15 (2), p. 155–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-020-09222-y
Article
Lind SE, Williams DM, Nicholson T, Grainger C & Carruthers P (2020) The self-reference effect on memory is not diminished in autism: Three studies of incidental and explicit self-referential recognition memory in autistic and neurotypical adults and adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129 (2), pp. 224-236. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000467
Book Chapter
Prospective Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Roestorf A & Grainger C (2020) Prospective Memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder. In: Volkmar FR (ed.) Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102535-1
Article
Nicholson T, Williams DM, Grainger C, Lind SE & Carruthers P (2019) Relationships between implicit and explicit uncertainty monitoring and mindreading: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder. Consciousness and Cognition, 70, pp. 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.01.013
Book Chapter
The self in autism and its relation to memory
Lind S, Williams D, Grainger C & Lansiedel J (2018) The self in autism and its relation to memory. In: Johnson JL, Goodman GS & Mundy PC (eds.) The Wiley Handbook of Memory, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and the Law. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, pp. 70-91. https://www.wiley.com/en-gb/The+Wiley+Handbook+of+Memory%2C+Autism+Spectrum+Disorder%2C+and+the+Law-p-9781119158264
Article
Interoceptive impairments do not lie at the heart of autism or alexithymia
Nicholson TM, Williams DM, Grainger C, Christensen JF, Calvo-Merino B & Gaigg SB (2018) Interoceptive impairments do not lie at the heart of autism or alexithymia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 127 (6), pp. 612-622. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000370
Article
Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder
Williams D, Nicholson T, Grainger C, Lind S & Carruthers P (2018) Can you spot a liar? Deception, mindreading, and the case of autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11 (8), pp. 1129-1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1962
Article
Williams D, Bergstrom Z & Grainger C (2018) Metacognitive monitoring and the hypercorrection effect in autism and the general population: Relation to autism(-like) traits and mindreading. Autism, 22 (3), pp. 259-270. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1362361316680178; https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316680178
Article
Williams D, Nicholson T & Grainger C (2018) The Self-Reference Effect on Perception: Undiminished in Adults with Autism and No Relation to Autism Traits. Autism Research, 11 (2), pp. 331-341. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1891
Article
Little Scientists – Big Impact
Caes L, Caldwell CA, Rafetseder E, Grainger C, Renner E, Atkinson M, Shing YL & Kuipers JR (2017) Little Scientists – Big Impact [The Developmental Research Team at the University of Stirling explain why they love their psychology kindergarten]. The Psychologist, 30, pp. 30-33. https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-30/october/little-scientists-big-impact
Article
Grainger C, Williams D & Lind S (2017) Recognition memory and source memory in autism spectrum disorder: A study of the intention superiority and enactment effects. Autism, 21 (7), pp. 812-820. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316653364
Article
Grainger C, Williams D & Lind S (2016) Judgment of Learning Accuracy in High-functioning Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46 (11), pp. 3570-3582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2895-1
Article
Grainger C, Williams D & Lind S (2016) Metacognitive monitoring and control processes in children with autism spectrum disorder: Diminished judgement of confidence accuracy. Consciousness and Cognition, 42, pp. 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.03.003
Article
Metacognition, Metamemory, and Mindreading in High-Functioning Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Grainger C, Williams D & Lind S (2014) Metacognition, Metamemory, and Mindreading in High-Functioning Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 123 (3), pp. 650-659. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036531
Article
Online Action Monitoring and Memory for Self-Performed Actions in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Grainger C, Williams D & Lind S (2014) Online Action Monitoring and Memory for Self-Performed Actions in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44 (5), pp. 1193-1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1987-4
Article
Williams D, Jarrold C, Grainger C & Lind S (2014) Diminished Time-Based, but Undiminished Event-Based, Prospective Memory Among Intellectually High-Functioning Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relation to Working Memory Ability. Neuropsychology, 28 (1), pp. 30-42. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000008
Currently I am on Sabbatical Research Leave (funded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh)
