Frans de Vries is Professor of Environmental Economics in the Division of Economics of the University of Stirling Management School. His current research focuses on the design and functioning of market-based environmental policy mechanisms, including emissions trading and price controls, conservation procurement auctions, and biodiversity offset markets. Another focal point of his research relates to the interaction between environmental policy and technological innovation. He has been a consultant for the OECD Environment Directorate on Environmental Policy and Technological Innovation, and the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA).